Over 200 NWP supporters, the Silent Sentinels, were arrested in 1917 while picketing the White House, some of whom went on hunger strike and endured forced feeding after being sent to prison. In 1916 Alice Paul formed the National Woman's Party (NWP), a militant group focused on the passage of a national suffrage amendment. Some historians regard this as the prototype for the National League of Women Voters. The purpose was to help other states gain suffrage, to educate women for political action, and to improve the station of women in politics, society, and economics. She also founded the National Council of Women Voters, with the five western equal suffrage states (Wyoming, Utah, Colorado, Idaho, and Washington) as the members. The efforts of Emma Smith DeVoe were crucial to obtaining suffrage in Idaho and later Washington. The first state to grant women the right to vote had been Wyoming, in 1869, followed by Utah in 1870, Colorado in 1893, Idaho in 1896, Washington in 1910, California in 1911, Oregon and Arizona in 1912, Montana in 1914, North Dakota, New York, and Rhode Island in 1917, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Michigan in 1918. These efforts included pursuing officeholding rights separately in an effort to bolster their argument in favor of voting rights. Much of the movement's energy, however, went toward working for suffrage on a state-by-state basis. Constitution that would enfranchise women. Happersett, suffragists began the decades-long campaign for an amendment to the U.S. After the Supreme Court ruled against them in the 1875 case Minor v. Anthony actually succeeded in voting in 1872 but was arrested for that act and found guilty in a widely publicized trial that gave the movement fresh momentum. Supreme Court would rule that women had a constitutional right to vote, suffragists made several attempts to vote in the early 1870s and then filed lawsuits when they were turned away. The Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU), which was the largest women's organization at that time, was established in 1873 and also pursued women's suffrage, giving a huge boost to the movement. After years of rivalry, they merged in 1890 as the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) with Anthony as its leading force. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton and the other by Lucy Stone and Frances Ellen Watkins Harper. The first national suffrage organizations were established in 1869 when two competing organizations were formed, one led by Susan B. By the time of the first National Women's Rights Convention in 1850, however, suffrage was becoming an increasingly important aspect of the movement's activities. In 1848, the Seneca Falls Convention, the first women's rights convention, passed a resolution in favor of women's suffrage despite opposition from some of its organizers, who believed the idea was too extreme. The demand for women's suffrage began to gather strength in the 1840s, emerging from the broader movement for women's rights. Women's legal right to vote was established in the United States over the course of more than half a century, first in various states and localities, sometimes on a limited basis, and then nationally in 1920 with the passing of the 19th Amendment.
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